Перевод: с латинского на все языки

со всех языков на латинский

the vocative

  • 1 vocative

    vŏcātīvē, adv. [vocativus], in the vocative:

    dicere,

    Gell. 13, 22, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > vocative

  • 2 E

    E, e, indecl. n. or (sc. littera) fem., a vowel corresponding to both the e and the ê of the Greeks, Ter. Maur. p. 2386 P.; Aus. Idyll. de Litter. Monos. 3 and 4; Mart. Cap. 3, § 235. Its sound varied; short e being sounded sometimes like Engl. e in men (so in pater, inter, etc.), sometimes more nearly like short i, as in Engl. pin (so in famelia, mereto, Menerva, etc.); whence, in the literary language, it passed, in a large class of words, into ĭ (familia, merito, etc.), though retained in the popular speech, and oft. in inscriptions. Long e also varied in sound, often resembling the diphthong ae, with which it is constantly confounded in MSS. and inscrr. (cf. raeda and reda; saeculum and seculum; ceteri and caeteri, etc.), and often approaching the sound of ī (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 324 sqq.). The short e in Latin is the least emphatic of all the vowels; hence, it not only took the place of other vowels in changes of words where the sounds became weakened, and in the vulgar language where the vowel sounds were less sharply distinguished, but frequently took the place of a final syllable ending in a consonant, and was sometimes, especially at the end of words, rejected.
    b.
    The transition of ă into ĕ (which took place especially before two consonants, whereas usually ă passed into ĭ in open syllables, v. art. A.) is seen in the compounds refello, commendo, ineptus, confercio, incestus, perpetior, etc. In some words the orthography is unsettled, as in the compounds of spargo, which are written sometimes aspergo, conspergo, dispergo, etc., and sometimes aspargo, conspargo, dispargo, etc.; as along with dispando the vulgar form dispenno also occurs. So in all the verbal reduplications, as cĕcidi, cĕcini, pĕperi, pĕpigi, tĕtigi; pĕperci, fĕfelli; dĕdi and stĕti (from cado, cano, pario, pango, tango, parco, fallo, DA and STA), whereas the vowels i, o, u remain unchanged in reduplication (bĭbi; mŏmordi; tŭtudi; for the anomalous forms in Gell. 7, 9, are certainly Graecized). As along with pĕpĭgi there also arose by syncope (in the Lat. lang. a predominating element in the formation of words) the perfect pēgi; so we may explain the perfect forms cēpi, fēci, jēci, frēgi, and ēgi, as syncopated from cĕcĭpi, fĕfĭci, jĕjĭci, frĕfĭgi, and ĕïgi (this last analogously with dēgo, from dēĭgo).
    c.
    For i stands ĕ
    (α).
    in the neuter forms of the adjectives in is (acre, agreste, facile, etc.).—
    (β).
    In the nominative forms: aedes, apes, canes, etc. (for aedis, apis, canis, etc. v. h. vv.).—
    (γ).
    In the dative forms: morte, jure dicundo, Dijove, Victore, etc. (cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 192 sq.; and Quint. 1, 4, 17). —
    (δ).
    In the nominatives in es, whose genitive has ĭtis.—
    (ε).
    In the nominatives from stems ending in c, b, p, t, n, etc., as, pollex, caelebs, princeps, comes, flumen, from pollic-, caelib-, princip-, comit-, flumin-; and
    (ζ).
    In the old and partly vulgar manner of writing and pronouncing: CEPET, EXEMET, NAVEBOS (Colum. Rostr.), FVET, DEDET, TEMPESTATEBVS, TIBE (Epit. of the Scipios), COMPROMESISE (S. C. de Bacch.), MENERVA, MAGESTER, HERE, VEA, VELLA, etc. (Quint. 1, 4, 8, and 17; Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 14; cf. Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 46). In the earliest period (before Plautus) ĕ was found in many words in which ĭ afterwards took its place; as: semul, fuet, mereto, tempestatebus, etc.—
    (η).
    It is prob. too that the abl. ĕ of the third declension proceeded from ī (or id); cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 239 sqq.; Corss. Ausspr. 2, 241 sq.
    d.
    It less freq. happens that o and u pass over into ĕ, as vello, ocellus, verto, vertex, vester, compared with vulsi, oculus, vorto, vortex, voster: generis from genus, societas from socius, etc.; and even for long u we have ĕ in dejĕro and pejĕro, from jūro.
    e.
    The stem vowel o is weakened to ĕ in the vocative of nouns in us of the second declension; ĕ also represents o in the perf. and in pass. forms, such as scripsere, conabare, conabere, from scripserunt, conabaris, conaberis; in the future forms attinge, dice, facie, recipie, from attingam, dicam, faciam, recipiam (see under dico init.); in the forms mage, pote, from magis, potis, etc.; it is inserted for euphony in the nom. of many nouns and adjj whose stems end in r preceded by a mute, as ager, aper, liber, aeger, ruber, sacer, etc.
    f.
    The vowel e is suppressed in the imperatives dic, duc, fac, fer, in the anteclass infinitive biber (from bibere); in the vocative of the second declension of nouns in ius, as Gai, geni, fili, canteri, columbari, mantuari, volturi, mi (cf. Freund in Jahn's Neue Jahrbüch, 1835, vol. 13, p. 148 sq.), in enclitic particles often, as: hic, haec, hoc, for hice, etc.; so, illaec, sic, nunc, nec, ac, etc.: viden, potin: quin, for quine, etc., and as an initial in the present forms of the verb esse (sum, sumus, sunt; sim, etc., for esum, esumus, esunt, esim, etc.). But the forms facul, simul, Bacchanal, etc., are not apocopated. Even a radical ĕ sometimes drops out when a prefix or suffix is taken; so, gigno, for gigeno: malignus, for maligenus: gnatus, for genatus.
    g.
    The long e interchanges most freq. with the diphthongs ae and oe (q. v.); yet it sometimes also took the place of ā, as in anhēlo, from hālo, and in the rustic bēlo, for bālo; and likewise of ī, as LEBER, SPECA, AMECVS, for līber, spīca, amīcus (Quint. Inst. l. l.; Varr. R. R. 1, 48, 2; Paul. ex Fest. p. 15, 6 Müll.); and in words borrowed from the Greek, as chorēa, Darēus, along with Academīa, Alexandrīa; see the letter I.
    h.
    As an abbreviation, E (mostly in connection with other abbreviations) signifies egregius, equus, eques, erexit, evocatus, etc.; e. g. E. M. V. = egregiae memoriae vir; E. Q. R. = eques Romanus; EE. QQ. RR. = equites Romani; E. P. = equo publico; E. M. D. S. P. E. = e monitu de sua pecunia erexit, etc.
    2.
    e.. praep., out of, from, v. ex.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > E

  • 3 e

    E, e, indecl. n. or (sc. littera) fem., a vowel corresponding to both the e and the ê of the Greeks, Ter. Maur. p. 2386 P.; Aus. Idyll. de Litter. Monos. 3 and 4; Mart. Cap. 3, § 235. Its sound varied; short e being sounded sometimes like Engl. e in men (so in pater, inter, etc.), sometimes more nearly like short i, as in Engl. pin (so in famelia, mereto, Menerva, etc.); whence, in the literary language, it passed, in a large class of words, into ĭ (familia, merito, etc.), though retained in the popular speech, and oft. in inscriptions. Long e also varied in sound, often resembling the diphthong ae, with which it is constantly confounded in MSS. and inscrr. (cf. raeda and reda; saeculum and seculum; ceteri and caeteri, etc.), and often approaching the sound of ī (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 324 sqq.). The short e in Latin is the least emphatic of all the vowels; hence, it not only took the place of other vowels in changes of words where the sounds became weakened, and in the vulgar language where the vowel sounds were less sharply distinguished, but frequently took the place of a final syllable ending in a consonant, and was sometimes, especially at the end of words, rejected.
    b.
    The transition of ă into ĕ (which took place especially before two consonants, whereas usually ă passed into ĭ in open syllables, v. art. A.) is seen in the compounds refello, commendo, ineptus, confercio, incestus, perpetior, etc. In some words the orthography is unsettled, as in the compounds of spargo, which are written sometimes aspergo, conspergo, dispergo, etc., and sometimes aspargo, conspargo, dispargo, etc.; as along with dispando the vulgar form dispenno also occurs. So in all the verbal reduplications, as cĕcidi, cĕcini, pĕperi, pĕpigi, tĕtigi; pĕperci, fĕfelli; dĕdi and stĕti (from cado, cano, pario, pango, tango, parco, fallo, DA and STA), whereas the vowels i, o, u remain unchanged in reduplication (bĭbi; mŏmordi; tŭtudi; for the anomalous forms in Gell. 7, 9, are certainly Graecized). As along with pĕpĭgi there also arose by syncope (in the Lat. lang. a predominating element in the formation of words) the perfect pēgi; so we may explain the perfect forms cēpi, fēci, jēci, frēgi, and ēgi, as syncopated from cĕcĭpi, fĕfĭci, jĕjĭci, frĕfĭgi, and ĕïgi (this last analogously with dēgo, from dēĭgo).
    c.
    For i stands ĕ
    (α).
    in the neuter forms of the adjectives in is (acre, agreste, facile, etc.).—
    (β).
    In the nominative forms: aedes, apes, canes, etc. (for aedis, apis, canis, etc. v. h. vv.).—
    (γ).
    In the dative forms: morte, jure dicundo, Dijove, Victore, etc. (cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 192 sq.; and Quint. 1, 4, 17). —
    (δ).
    In the nominatives in es, whose genitive has ĭtis.—
    (ε).
    In the nominatives from stems ending in c, b, p, t, n, etc., as, pollex, caelebs, princeps, comes, flumen, from pollic-, caelib-, princip-, comit-, flumin-; and
    (ζ).
    In the old and partly vulgar manner of writing and pronouncing: CEPET, EXEMET, NAVEBOS (Colum. Rostr.), FVET, DEDET, TEMPESTATEBVS, TIBE (Epit. of the Scipios), COMPROMESISE (S. C. de Bacch.), MENERVA, MAGESTER, HERE, VEA, VELLA, etc. (Quint. 1, 4, 8, and 17; Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 14; cf. Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 46). In the earliest period (before Plautus) ĕ was found in many words in which ĭ afterwards took its place; as: semul, fuet, mereto, tempestatebus, etc.—
    (η).
    It is prob. too that the abl. ĕ of the third declension proceeded from ī (or id); cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 239 sqq.; Corss. Ausspr. 2, 241 sq.
    d.
    It less freq. happens that o and u pass over into ĕ, as vello, ocellus, verto, vertex, vester, compared with vulsi, oculus, vorto, vortex, voster: generis from genus, societas from socius, etc.; and even for long u we have ĕ in dejĕro and pejĕro, from jūro.
    e.
    The stem vowel o is weakened to ĕ in the vocative of nouns in us of the second declension; ĕ also represents o in the perf. and in pass. forms, such as scripsere, conabare, conabere, from scripserunt, conabaris, conaberis; in the future forms attinge, dice, facie, recipie, from attingam, dicam, faciam, recipiam (see under dico init.); in the forms mage, pote, from magis, potis, etc.; it is inserted for euphony in the nom. of many nouns and adjj whose stems end in r preceded by a mute, as ager, aper, liber, aeger, ruber, sacer, etc.
    f.
    The vowel e is suppressed in the imperatives dic, duc, fac, fer, in the anteclass infinitive biber (from bibere); in the vocative of the second declension of nouns in ius, as Gai, geni, fili, canteri, columbari, mantuari, volturi, mi (cf. Freund in Jahn's Neue Jahrbüch, 1835, vol. 13, p. 148 sq.), in enclitic particles often, as: hic, haec, hoc, for hice, etc.; so, illaec, sic, nunc, nec, ac, etc.: viden, potin: quin, for quine, etc., and as an initial in the present forms of the verb esse (sum, sumus, sunt; sim, etc., for esum, esumus, esunt, esim, etc.). But the forms facul, simul, Bacchanal, etc., are not apocopated. Even a radical ĕ sometimes drops out when a prefix or suffix is taken; so, gigno, for gigeno: malignus, for maligenus: gnatus, for genatus.
    g.
    The long e interchanges most freq. with the diphthongs ae and oe (q. v.); yet it sometimes also took the place of ā, as in anhēlo, from hālo, and in the rustic bēlo, for bālo; and likewise of ī, as LEBER, SPECA, AMECVS, for līber, spīca, amīcus (Quint. Inst. l. l.; Varr. R. R. 1, 48, 2; Paul. ex Fest. p. 15, 6 Müll.); and in words borrowed from the Greek, as chorēa, Darēus, along with Academīa, Alexandrīa; see the letter I.
    h.
    As an abbreviation, E (mostly in connection with other abbreviations) signifies egregius, equus, eques, erexit, evocatus, etc.; e. g. E. M. V. = egregiae memoriae vir; E. Q. R. = eques Romanus; EE. QQ. RR. = equites Romani; E. P. = equo publico; E. M. D. S. P. E. = e monitu de sua pecunia erexit, etc.
    2.
    e.. praep., out of, from, v. ex.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > e

  • 4 vocativus

    vŏcātīvus, a, um, adj. [voco], of or belonging to calling: casus, the vocative case, in gram., Gell. 14, 5, 1 sq. al.—As subst.: vŏcātīvus, i, m., the vocative case, Charis. p. 11 P.; Prisc. p. 671 ib. al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > vocativus

  • 5 salutatorium

    sălūtātōrĭus, a, um, adj. [id.] (postAug.).
    I.
    Of or belonging to visiting or paying court:

    cubilia,

    an audience-chamber, Plin. 15, 11, 10, § 38.—As subst.: să-lūtātōrĭum, i, n., the audience-chamber, Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 9, 30.—
    II.
    In gram.. salutatorius casus, i. e. the vocative, acc. to Prisc. p. 671 P.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > salutatorium

  • 6 salutatorius

    sălūtātōrĭus, a, um, adj. [id.] (postAug.).
    I.
    Of or belonging to visiting or paying court:

    cubilia,

    an audience-chamber, Plin. 15, 11, 10, § 38.—As subst.: să-lūtātōrĭum, i, n., the audience-chamber, Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 9, 30.—
    II.
    In gram.. salutatorius casus, i. e. the vocative, acc. to Prisc. p. 671 P.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > salutatorius

  • 7 saxum

    saxum (in inscrr. also SAKSVM; from collat. form saxus;

    a vocative SAXE,

    Inscr. Orell. 2982), i, n. [root sak-; Sanscr. ska; cf. secare], any large, rough stone; a detached fragment of rock; a rock (in gen.; whereas rupes is a steep rock, crag, cliff).
    I.
    In gen., Lucr. 4, 266 sq.; cf. id. 1, 882:

    non est e saxo sculptus,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 100: pars ludicre saxa Jactant, inter se licitantur, Enn. ap. Non. 134, 13 (Ann. v. 76 Vahl.):

    (Sisyphum) adverso nixantem trudere monte Saxum, etc.,

    Lucr. 3, 1001:

    miser impendens magnum timet aëre saxum Tantalus,

    id. 3, 980: saxo cere comminuit brum, Enn. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 412 (Ann. v. 586 Vahl.); cf.:

    si glebis aut saxis aut fustibus aliquem de fundo praecipitem egeris,

    Cic. Caecin.21,60:

    magni ponderis saxa, in muro collocare,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 29; cf. id. ib. 7, 22 fin.; 7, 23; 7, 46: (Thyestes) summis saxis fixus asperis, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 Vahl.); cf.:

    aspicite religatum asperis Vinctumque saxis (Prometheum), Cic. poët. Tusc. 2, 10, 23: speluncas saxis pendentibu' structas,

    Lucr. 6, 195; cf.

    , of the cave of Cacus: jam primum saxis suspensam hanc aspice rupem,

    Verg. A. 8, 190:

    tot congesta manu praeruptis oppida saxis,

    id. G. 2, 156:

    inter saxa rupesque,

    Liv. 21, 40: saxa spargens tabo, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 414 Vahl.):

    vesco sale saxa peresa,

    Lucr. 1, 326:

    nec turbida ponti Aequora fligebant naves ad saxa,

    id. 5, 1001:

    si ad saxum quo capessit,

    Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 89 et saep.:

    lapis non saxum est,

    Plin. 36, 22, 49, § 169.—In apposition:

    in saxis silicibus uberiores aquae sunt,

    in limestone rocks, Vitr. 8, 1.—
    2.
    Prov.
    a.
    Saxum volvere, i. e. to strive or endeavor in vain (alluding to the stone of Sisyphus):

    satis diu hoc jam saxum volvo,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 55.—
    b.
    Inter sacrum saxumque stare; v. sacrum, A. 2. b.—
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    For Saxum Tarpejum (cf. Fest. p. 343 Müll. and v. Tarpejus, II.), the Tarpeian Rock:

    horribilis de saxo jactus,

    Lucr. 3, 1016; Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 31; Cic. Att. 14, 16, 2; Hor. S. 1, 6, 39; Tac. A. 2, 32; 4, 29; Dig. 48, 19, 25; v. Tarpeius.—
    B.
    Saxum sacrum, the sacred rock on the Aventine, at which Remus consulted the auspices, Cic. Dom. 53, 136;

    called saxum alone,

    Ov. F. 5, 150.—
    C.
    A superior kind of Cimolian chalk (creta Cimolia), Plin. 35, 17, 57, § 196.—
    D.
    Saxa Rubra; v. ruber, II. B.—
    III.
    Transf.
    1.
    Plur.: saxa, stony ground, rocky places:

    mitis in apricis coquitur vindemia saxis,

    Verg. G. 2, 522:

    Ligurum,

    Mart. 3, 82, 22.—
    2.
    A stone wall:

    Romulus saxo lucum circumdedit alto,

    Ov. F. 3, 431.—
    3.
    The strong foundation of a building:

    Capitolium quadrato saxo substructum,

    Liv. 6, 4, 12.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > saxum

См. также в других словарях:

  • vocative — [väk′ə tiv] adj. [ME vocatif < OFr or L: OFr < L vocativus < pp. of vocare, to call < vox,VOICE] Gram. designating, of, or in the case of nouns, pronouns, or adjectives used in direct address to indicate the person or thing addressed… …   English World dictionary

  • Vocative — Voc a*tive, n. [L. vocativus (sc. casus): cf. F. vocatif.] (Gram.) The vocative case. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • vocative Grammar — [ vɒkətɪv] adjective relating to or denoting a case of nouns, pronouns, and adjectives used in addressing or invoking a person or thing. noun a word in the vocative case. Origin ME: from OFr. vocatif, ive or L. vocativus, from vocare to call …   English new terms dictionary

  • Vocative case — For the assembly programming concept, see Addressing mode. The vocative case (abbreviated voc) is the case used for a noun identifying the person (animal, object, etc.) being addressed and/or occasionally the determiners of that noun. A vocative… …   Wikipedia

  • vocative — I. adjective Etymology: Middle English vocatif, from Middle French, from Latin vocativus, from vocatus, past participle of vocare Date: 15th century 1. of, relating to, or being a grammatical case marking the one addressed (as Latin Domine in… …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • vocative — vocatively, adv. /vok euh tiv/, adj. 1. Gram. (in certain inflected languages, as Latin) noting or pertaining to a case used to indicate that a noun refers to a person or thing being addressed. 2. of, pertaining to, or used in calling, specifying …   Universalium

  • vocative — /ˈvɒkətɪv / (say vokuhtiv) adjective 1. Grammar a. (in some inflected languages) designating a case that indicates the person or thing addressed. b. similar to such a case form in function or meaning. 2. relating to or used in calling. –noun 3.… …  

  • vocative case — noun case of address, case used for a noun identifying the person or thing being addressed. It corresponds to the archaic English particle O as used in solemn or poetic address: Hear me, O Albion! Languages that regularly employ the vocative… …   Wiktionary

  • vocative — 1. adjective a) Of or pertaining to calling; used in calling or vocation. b) used in address; appellative; said of that case or form of the noun, pronoun, or adjective, in which a person or thing is addressed; as, Domine, O Lord. 2. noun The… …   Wiktionary

  • vocative — voc•a•tive [[t]ˈvɒk ə tɪv[/t]] adj. 1) gram. of or designating a grammatical case, as in Latin, used to indicate that a noun or pronoun refers to the person or thing being addressed 2) of or used in calling or addressing 3) gram. the vocative… …   From formal English to slang

  • The Society of Jesus — Jesus Je sus (j[=e] z[u^]s), prop. n. [L. Jesus, Gr. ?, from Heb. Y[=e]sh[=u]a ; Y[=a]h Jehovah + h[=o]sh[imac]a to help.] The {Savior}; the name of the Son of God as announced by the angel to his parents; the personal name of Our Lord, in… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
… Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»